The online seminar “Internalizing Externalities: Funding for Mitigation of Global Warming” was held on 15 October 2025 in the format of two sessions and a panel discussion.

The first session addressed to the principles of internalization of externalities and the experience from dealing with pollution within a political entity. Lessons from internalizing pollution for GHG emissions were presented by Ralf Dickel, Independent Expert. Avinash Kumar, President ESG from Earthood shared the features of Indian carbon market, while Jens Völler, Team Consult G.P.E. GmbH, showed the European approach and the features of EU Emissions Trading System.The representative of Earthood Russia Sergey Nikiforov shared the main provisions of the Carbon Offsetting and Redusction Scheme for International Aviation.

The second session continued presenting national trading regimes. The speaker from Energy Insitute, PUC University in Rio de Janeiro, prof. Edmar de Almeida shared the views on carbon market in Brazil. The representative from Center for Energy Research Ilia Nagaitsev covered the trends in carbon unit markets from world offset projects. Michael Sipos, Independent expert from Romania presented the evolution of the Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

The seminar was wrapped up with the Panel discussion where speakers discuss if emission trading just creates a penalty benefitting the treasury or if it can foster the investment necessary for decarbonization.

Experts from Germany, India, Romania, Russia, Austria,Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Kazakhstan participated in the online seminar. The discussion on current energy issues will be continued within the annual international scientifc and practical conference «Energetika XXI: Economy, Policy, Ecology».